BM 02: WORKSHOP CALCULATION & SCIENCE

1.Basic Arithmetic

  1. Addition (+):
    • Addition is the process of combining two or more numbers to find their total or sum.
  2. Subtraction (-):
    • Subtraction is the process of finding the difference between two numbers.
  3. Multiplication (× or *):
    • Multiplication is the process of repeated addition. It determines the total when a number is added to itself a certain number of times.
  4. Division (÷ or /):
    • Division is the process of sharing a quantity into equal parts. It determines how many times one number can be divided by another.

 

BODMAS Rules

  1. B - Brackets:
    • Perform calculations inside parentheses or brackets first.
  2. O - Orders (Exponents and Roots):
    • Evaluate expressions with exponents or roots.
  3. D - Division:
    • Perform division from left to right.
  4. M - Multiplication:
    • Perform multiplication from left to right.
  5. A - Addition:
    • Perform addition from left to right.
  6. S - Subtraction:
    • Perform subtraction from left to right.

2. Area, Volume

2.1. Area

Area is a measure of the amount of space inside a two-dimensional shape.

  1. Rectangle:
    • Area=length×width
  2. Square:
    • Area=side2
  3. Triangle:
    • Area= ×base×height
  4. Circle:
    • Area=π×radius2

 

2.2. Volume

Volume is a measure of the amount of space occupied by a three-dimensional object.

  1. Cube

·       Volume=side3

  1. Rectangular Prism:
    • Volume=length × width × height
  2. Cylinder:
    • Volume=π × radius2 × height
  3. Sphere:
    • Volume= π × radius3
  4. Cone
    • Volume= π × radius2 × height
  5. Pyramid:
    • Volume= × base area × height

3. Basic trigonometry and angles

3.1. Angles

  1. Definition:
    • An angle is formed by two rays that share a common endpoint, known as the vertex.
  2. Types of Angles:
    • Acute Angle: An angle less than 90°.
    • Right Angle: An angle measuring exactly 90°.
    • Obtuse Angle: An angle greater than 90° but less than 180°.
    • Straight Angle: An angle measuring exactly 180°.
    • Reflex Angle: An angle greater than 180° but less than 360°.
    • A Full Circle is 360°. 

Basic Trigonometry


 Pythagorean Theorem

 


 














4.Units and Measurements

·       Length

 

 

 

 

 

·       Mass

 

 

 

 

·       Capacity

 

 

 

 

·       Time 

 

 

 

 

 

·       Speed

 

 

 

 

 


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